Do You Know About the Four Different Airs Inside Our Homes?

If you’ve been studying the concepts of building science, you’ve probably heard of the four control layers, water, air, vapor, and thermal.  Thinking about each of these building envelope control layers individually, and how they interact together helps in the planning and execution of building a better home.

This concept of separating a home’s assemblies can also be applied to a different topic, the air inside a home.  Most of us probably take air for granted, we breathe it, it’s always around us, but with regards to inside our homes, airflow needs to be managed.    I recently caught a presentation by Pat Huelman, a respected building science educator and researcher from the University of Minnesota.  Part of his discussion focused on the need for projects to include an “air manager”, someone paying attention to how air interacts with the built environment and mechanical equipment.  He discussed the importance of four different types of air in our homes and how each contributes to the quality of the indoor environment, energy conservation, and durability:

  1. Combustion Air
  2. Make-Up Air
  3. Ventilation Air
  4. Circulation Air

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What Happens to Your Home in Extreme Cold?

As I’m writing this blog post, a very cold air mass typically found at the North Pole has begun to move southward, into more temperate climates.  This latest polar vortex is forecast to affect much of the continental US with below average temperatures.

Here’s a question, what effect does that very cold air have on our homes?  Well, it depends!

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How to install a Window When Using a Self-Adhered WRB

The first time I used a self-adhered water resistive barrier was in 2019, on my own home.  I had recently purchased a 1950’s vintage Cape Cod design fixer upper that was built using board sheathing covered by 15 lb. asphalt impregnated felt.  I knew I wanted to improve the water management and air tightness of the structure but didn’t want to upgrade the sheathing.  I had been researching self-adhered WRB’s and decided that option would be the best fit based on what I was trying to accomplish.

For the exterior renovation at my home, the Henry Blueskin product was installed over the board sheathing. The assembly also includes a 3/8-inch furring strip for a ventilated rainscreen.

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How to Utilize Modeling Software and Mock-ups When Designing Construction Assemblies

Missing a detail when working through an unfamiliar assembly can be easy to do.  Getting your head around the movement of water, air, and the thermal boundary with all of the parts and pieces that are required to make the structure often requires more information than can be shown in a simple plan or elevation.  I often find myself drawing in 3-D using a modeling software or even going as far as building a mock-up of the assembly.  Sometimes both are needed.

If you are an architect, which I am not, you’ll have the software tools to make professional, photo realistic drawings.  I do have some formal training in drafting, but that was decades ago, CAD was new, and my instructor believed in drawing by hand first, then move to the computer.  Some of my past designs were simply done on paper or with an inexpensive CAD program, which can work, but not very impressive when trying to sell a client on a design.

This hand drawing is my original design for the concreteless slab on grade home showing the floor system.  Later, with the help of SketchUp, the design was transformed to this.

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How to Integrate a Window into a Water Resistive Barrier

The building science community talks a lot about control layers.  I’ve written on the topic several times, basic overview of these principles which can be found at: A Crash Course on the Four Control Layers.  Let’s take a deeper look at water resistive barriers (WRB) and how windows and doors need to be integrated into the WRB.

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Building Above the Energy Code

What is an energy code?  Energy codes are part of the building code that regulates how heat and energy are used in a building.  By now, most builders understand there are minimum insulation levels, in walls, floors and ceilings.  There are also requirements in how windows and doors perform.  Air tightness testing and mechanical system performance (both in space heating and water heating) are also part of the energy codes.  Local jurisdictions adopt (sometimes modify) and enforce these codes.  Updated energy codes are released every three years.  The 2024 IECC has been released, but most jurisdictions are looking to adopt the 2021 version, which you can read here: 2021 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONSERVATION CODE (IECC) | ICC DIGITAL CODES (iccsafe.org)

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What to Know About Construction Sequencing in High Performance Projects

This post first appeared on the Green Building Advisor website.

I was a builder for more than 10 years before I attempted my first above code building project.  There was an order in the way I built early in my career that usually kept my projects moving smoothly.  That schedule went out the window with my first attempt at constructing a higher performing home.

Integrating high levels of air tightness, greater R-values, along with other elements to improve performance can result in assemblies and installation details going out of order from traditional construction practices.  The easiest and most logical construction schedules often need adjustments.

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How to Prioritize Performance Upgrades to Existing Homes

I’ve been performing a semi-deep energy retrofit to my home for the past 5 years, and at my current rate of progress, it will be another 5 years before I’m complete.  This leads to a question; how does a person prioritize the work to be done?  Are the easiest items to complete done first, or the stuff that provides the biggest return on investment a better place to start?  This blog discusses my suggested priorities.

  1. Structural decay must be dealt with first.

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How to Design a Frost Protected Shallow Foundation System

My brother has an upcoming construction project on a property he owns that he’s asked for my help in both the design and construction of the structure.  There are portions of the project that are planned to be covered by Fine HomeBuilding Magazine plus I will be writing several blog posts for Green Building Advisor, Rockwool, and for my blog, Northern Built.  One of the first tasks is to plan the foundation system, in this case it will be a frost protected shallow foundation (FPSF).  The illustration below shows both the foundation and wall construction ideas.

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How to Attach Cladding When Using Continuous Insulation

This post originally appeared on the Green Building Advisor website.

One of the challenges with continuous insulation (CI) is how to attach cladding.  The cladding type and weight along with the type and thickness of the continuous insulation can affect the cladding attachment details.  This blog post will go over a few of the code requirements and discuss how the manufacturers of both the CI and cladding can help with prescriptive code compliance.

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